Saturday, May 30, 2020

Importance Of Chiropractic Care In Managing Constipation Be Reviewed - 550 Words

Importance Of Chiropractic Care In Managing Constipation Be Reviewed (Coursework Sample) Content: Can a Chiropractor help in ConstipationChiropractic treatment is hugely an alternative in managing back pain. However, studies have shown that it's benefits go beyond just managing back pain. It is becoming promising in managing bowel irregularities, headaches, improving mental clarity, reducing blood pressure among other help benefits. In this section, we will discuss constipation and how chiropractic care can help manage constipation.What is ConstipationConstipation is defined as the reduced frequency and difficulty experienced in eliminating feces. Children's like adults are at risk of constipation. Unlike adults, their abdominal muscles are not strong enough thus constipation can be a serious threat. Statistics have that around 25% of pediatrics gastroenterologist visits are about constipation.Physiology of ConstipationNormally, intestinal muscles helps in pushing the intestinal contents through the anus. Ganglion cells are special nerve cells that helps the muscl es muscle contraction and relaxation to push the stool out. These nerve cells are injected to celiac ganglion innervating the liver,kidney, intestines, spleen, stomach and gallbladder. The brain and the spinal cord are connected to the celiac ganglion through nerve roots exiting the spine at the lower thoracic region(T12) and upper lumbar region(L1)The brain sends through the nerves leaving the spinal cord at T12 and L1 to determine when to eliminate stool. When there is any interference on these nerves eg compression then the normal nerve signal messaging will be interfered with.When these nerve roots are compressed possibly due to pressure from misalignment of the vertebrae in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar region, the normal functioning of the bowel and the celiac innervated abdominal organs is altered. This would result in digestive problems including diverticulitis, irritable bowel syndrome and constipation.There are numerous pediatrics cases of constipation caused in th is manner that can easily be solved by Chiropractors.How does Chiropractors help in relieving ConstipationChiropractic treatment in managing constipation has been researched on extensively. Preliminary findings shows that chiropractic care could be the best alternative in managing constipation. With individual patients attended to by Chiropractors reporting improvement in their condition. But how does it work?The digestive system, like any other system is linked to the nervous system, no doubt. And therefore, any form of digestive irregularity is in away li...

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Tuberculosis And The Hiv / Aid Epidemic - 1414 Words

INTRODUCTION Throughout history humans have been plagued with mycobacterial diseases, most notably, Tuberculosis and Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, respectively. [1] However, with the advent of antimicrobial cocktails and public health measures, the incidence of these diseases saw a sharp decline. [1-2] Conversely, with the increase of pulmonary diseases due to smoking, immunosuppressive drug therapies, and the HIV/AID epidemic, the incidence of diseases caused by non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) began to increase. [2] These NTMs are ubiquitous in nature and can be found nearly everywhere (e.g., soil, domestic and wild animals, tap water, surface water, milk, and food.) [3-4] Currently, just†¦show more content†¦[4-5] Though these species are extremely related there relevance to certain disease manifestation is dissimilar. In order to resolve these species modern techniques must be implemented. Probes have been designed to target and amplify un iquely identifiable regions on the genomes of these two species. [5] By using Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) the ratio of M. avium and M. intracelluare can be ascertained for each manifestation of disease. Other members of Mycobacteria can be isolated and identified in the MAC including M. chimaera and M. colombiense. [2] Research shows that M. avium is more predominant in highly disseminated, systemic manifestations whereas M. intracelluare is more predominate in pulmonary, localized manifestations. The importance of this ratio has not yet been discovered; however, the true significance may be important to future research and treatments. [8] ECOLOGY. MAC organisms, much like many of the other NTMs, are found in an extraordinary number of different ecological niches. M. avium and M. intracelluare, as stated above, can be isolated from the environment in soils, water, and on animals. MAC organisms can also be transient flora of healthy humans. [3] EPIDEMIOLOGY TRANSMISSION. Because the reservoir for MAC is environmental, the potential exposure to it is high. [3] Subcutaneous testing of M. intracelluare antigen revealed high levels of exposure especially in the costal regions of the

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Facts and Figures About Plesiosaurus, the Long-Necked Marine Reptile

As you may already have surmised from its name, Plesiosaurus is the eponymous member of the family of marine reptiles known as plesiosaurs, which were characterized by their sleek bodies, wide flippers, and relatively small heads set at the end of long necks. These Mesozoic reptiles were once famously described as looking like a snake threaded through the shell of a turtle, although it was quickly established that they didnt have shells and were only distantly related to modern testudines. Plesiosaurs were closely related to, but distinct from, pliosaurs, contemporary marine reptiles possessing thicker torsos, shorter necks, and longer heads. The eponymous member of the pliosaur family was – you guessed it  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Pliosaurus. Like all marine reptiles, Plesiosaurus was not technically a dinosaur, having evolved from different antecedents in the reptile family tree. Theres a lot we still dont know about Plesiosaurus, which, like many name brand prehistoric reptiles, is much less well understood than the family to which it gave its name. (For a terrestrial parallel, think of the enigmatic Hadrosaurus and the well-known family of dinosaurs to which it belonged, the hadrosaurs, or duck-billed dinosaurs). Discovered very early in paleontological history by the pioneering English fossil hunter Mary Anning in 1823, Plesiosaurus created a sensation back in the early 19th century. Scientists at the time didnt quite know what to make of this 15-foot-long, 120-million-year-old beast. However, Plesiosaurus wasnt the first marine reptile to be discovered in England; that honor belongs to the distantly related Ichthyosaurus. The Lifestyle of Plesiosaurus Plesiosaurs in general, and Plesiosaurus in particular, werent the most accomplished swimmers, ​since they lacked the hydrodynamic builds of their bigger, meaner and more streamlined cousins, the pliosaurs. To date, its unknown whether Plesiosaurus and its ilk lumbered onto dry land to lay their eggs or gave birth to live young while still swimming (though the latter is the increasingly favored possibility). We do know, however, that plesiosaurs went extinct along with the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, and have not left any living descendants. (Why is this important? Well, many otherwise well-meaning people insist that the putative Loch Ness Monster is actually a plesiosaur that survived extinction!) The heyday of the plesiosaurs and pliosaurs was the middle-to-late Mesozoic Era, especially the late Jurassic and early Cretaceous period; by the end of the Mesozoic Era, these marine reptiles had been widely supplanted by even more vicious mosasaurs, which likewise succumbed to the K/T Extinction 65 million years ago. The big fish/bigger fish template applies throughout evolutionary history; an argument has been made that mosasaurs partly went extinct because of the increasing diversity and dominance of sharks, the best-equipped marine predators yet evolved by Mother Nature. Name: Plesiosaurus (Greek for almost lizard); pronounced PLEH-see-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Oceans worldwide Historical Period: Early-Middle Jurassic (135-120 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 15 feet long and 1,000 pounds Diet: Fish and mollusks Distinguishing Characteristics: Long neck; tapered body; blunt flippers; small head with sharp teeth

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Causes of the Disparities in the Disability Benefits...

We have all experienced a day when physical or mental exhaustion has seemed to consume the whole of our body, making us feel incapable of performing simple activities such as getting out of bed, taking a shower, etc. Now, imagine being forced to cope with this on a daily basis. Millions of Americans suffer disabilities, both physical as well as mental that prevent them from performing normal day-to-day activities, one of which includes working. â€Å"The Social Security Administration (SSA) defines disability in terms of ability to work,† so why has there been an increasing amount of individuals denied disability benefits without personally meeting with an examiner. This along with the fact that there is a steady 2.5 million new applications†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The purpose of the Disability Insurance (DI) program is to replace part of a worker’s earnings in the eventuality of a physical or mental impairment preventing the individual from working,â₠¬  given that the â€Å"definition† of disability is met. These factors play an essential role in disagreement among judges, which ultimately results in direct denial of a claim (â€Å"Outcome Variation†). With an increase in the number of cases filed each year, there has been much effort to speed-up wait times and to avoid a rise in hearing backlogs. The average amount of time it takes for a disability determination hearing to be processed is approximately two years. This delineates an understandable cause of acrimony among disability claimants. The immediate effect of an attempt to expedite the hearing process includes little attention paid to ensuring the quality of a decision (â€Å"Improvement in Social Security†). Along with attempts to expedite a processing, racial disparity has proven to be intrinsic within the SSA disability program. A statistical analysis constructed by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) in 1992 intending to address the issue, revealed that racial differences, particularly at the appellate level were unable to be entirelyShow MoreRelatedHealth Status Of Minority Group Essay623 Words   |  3 Pagesreduce and eliminate health dispariti es between non-minority and minority populations experiencing disproportionate burdens of disease, disability, and premature death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ~  Guiding Principle for Improving Minority Health Health Status of Minority Group Medical advances and new technologies have provided people in America with the potential for longer, healthier lives more than ever before. 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Health disparities are complex and incorporate lifestyle choices, socioeconomic factors such as income, education and employment and access to care service s. For

Literary Foils Of Beowulf, Julius Caesar, And Dr. Jekyll...

British Literature contains literary foils. Foils serve as a contrast to the characters. Foils are usually the antagonists and protagonists of stories. Literary foils are evident throughout British literature in the stories of Beowulf, Julius Caesar, and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Foils exist in the epic Beowulf. Beowulf is written by an unknown author and is translated by Burton Raffel in the Anglo-Saxon era. There is a force, vitality, clearness and distinctiveness in the characters, not only in Beowulf’s personality, but in all the other personalities (Brooke). Beowulf and Grendal are very contrasting characters because of their distinct personalities. Beowulf is a famous soldier s son â€Å"My father / was a famous soldier, known far and wide / As a leader of men† (Beowulf 174-175, 40). Beowulf comes from a much nicer background than Grendal s. Grendal was spawned and not born unto the earth. â€Å"†¦ He was spawned in that slime, / Conceived by a pair of those monsters born / Of Cain, murderous creatures banished / By God, punished, forever in the crime / of Able s death† (Beowulf 19-23, 42). Grendal is spawned, making him not human. This proves that Grendal is a foil to Beowulf. Another foil is Grendal s mom to Beowulf. Grendal s mom is considered a demon like Grendal is. One of the devils was a female creature. The other, they say, walked through the wilderness Like a man - but mightier than any man. They were frightened, and they fled, Hoping to find help In

Leadership and Management Paraphrasing

Question: Discuss about the Leadership and Management Paraphrasing. Answer: Introduction Sciarra and Dorsey (2012) mentions that management entails comprehension of the participation of the staff and leaders. However, it is indispensable for any educational care service to follow the National Regulation and Legislation to service the lawful operation. The most significant document that the educational care service needs is the National Quality Standard (ACECQA), inasmuch it helps comprehending plenty of legislation and conviction that are conducive to the improvement of the sector. The main thrust of the report is to execute the new management committee. The committee has crucial information that helps them in comprehending the legal and governance roles of the confirmed provider, Nominated Quality Standard and Educational Leader. The report aims to examine the National Quality Standard Area 2: Childrens Health and Safety (ACECQA, 2011). The report scrutinizes the National Quality Standard Area 2 and exhibit significant information for the committee. It initiates revisio ns in its policy procedures that affirm the legal provisions for the operation. In order to discuss all-important information, the paper would explore the functions of managers and leaders. The paper will address how the managers and political leaders bolster the quality service requirements. In the second place, the document will offer a blueprint of the roles of the crucial shareholders like the Confirmed Provider, Elected Reviewer and Education pioneer. The next segment will manifest a synopsis of the legal provisions for the National Quality Area 2: Children Health and Safety (ACECQA, 2011). Based on the policies, the center accords the chosen Quality Area. In the end, a few guiding points will be given that enhance the variability that are conspicuous in the centre policies. The Role and functions of mangers and leaders and how leadership management support quality service provision Leadership and management play a significant role in designing the fledgling childhood education and care services. However, it is important to understand the difference between leadership and management in any sphere. To the belief of Lunenburg (2011), leadership entails encouraging and orienting people towards future vision, in spite of the hurdles they countenance. The management involves a number of policies that would keep the organization efficient and functional like budgeting, planning staffing and problem solving mechanism. Consequently, the leadership and management help in espousing the early childhood education, conversing, and forming a liaison with the government authorities. In addition to the regular activities, the manager of care service should be very efficient and be enlightened with the current affairs of the state (Heckman, 2011). Planning is integral to the managerial function (Wortham, 2015). The planning schedule of the managerial work should outline effectiv e working routine. Therefore, the good manager should have a cognizance of the institution that assures us with efficient administration of projects within a specified period. The good planner is very prudent and conscious (Roopnarine, 2013). Sorting out runs as one with arranging since, for the system to be actualized a decent director will as a matter of first importance compose the establishment staff and give legitimate headings to ranges that may require one. This will require a director who is enthused about the organization's group exhibitions and intense on the workforce's capacities (Heckman, 2011). The staffing is another critical part of the administrative work; here the administrator is relied upon to choose, mark and build up the establishment employees (Fenech, 2011). This is essential in the Early Childhood Education (ECE) since it gives the youngsters a great comprehension of the earth in which they are in and gives them somebody to gaze upward to as a good example (Kearns, 2007). With every one of these obligations, directors anticipate that they would coordinate the outcomes with the info objectives to screen performances (Kalas, 2010). On the off chance that the outcomes are path underneath the objectives it is presently the trough obligation to perceive what measures, to set up to guarantee a lift in the following results (Kalas, 2010). Conversely, pioneers help with setting the clear vision for managers; this will happen if the pioneer gives clear directions about the parts and the obligations of the representatives of such association. Different parts may incorporat e things. For example, making reports so as to redesign the trough with the representative's advance and additionally checking the staff cooperation in any gave errand; this will give the pioneers more data if the preparation accommodated the staff is being placed on utilization or all the more preparing is required (Lunenburg (2011). By recognizing these duties and parts the association will resistant accomplish the arranged objectives and results, in the meantime, it will try to deal with the stream of everyday operations. The Roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders-Approved Provider, Nominated Supervisor and Educational Leader The National Law requires that Approved Providers must maintain a strategic distance from however much as could be expected the operation of an administration without a Nominated Supervisor for that administration (ACECQA, 2014). An Approved Provider perhaps will always get a Supervisor Certificate then be the Nominated Supervisor for sake of the administrations they give or the Approved Provider might seek the help of a teacher with a Supervisor Certificate who consents to fill the Nominated Supervisor part. Childrens Health and Safety A number of elements regarding the health and safety of the children can be found in the national legislation. The educators and staffs should be aware of these elements. Three necessary standards in relation to childrens health and safety are defined in the National Quality Framework. In the standard 2.1, the health conditions of the children are recognized. In the standard 2.2, the healthy eating and physical activities are defined, whereas, in standard 2.3, the protection manners for the childrens health are defined. While noticing at the regulation 78, 79 and 80 of Education and Care National Regulation, it can be envisaged that it follows the 2.1 and 2.2 standards. They always meet the standard of food, hygiene application and health. It also recommends that the staffs should administer proper hygienic purpose and food handling. It is extremely important for providing proper access to the stakeholders towards checking the weekly menu of food and beverages stated in Education and Care National Regulation (ACEQUA, 2014; Robertson, 2015). In the Quality Area 2, it is stated that children need protection at all time. The quality area suggests that the staffs and educator should always keep children out of harms. They should immediately report to the parent or important person of the children, if any accident occurs (Walsh et al., 2011). The regulation 82 and 83 mentioned in the Education and Care National Regulation promote children protection. As per these regulations, the service environment should always be free from any kind of alcohols and drugs. Moreover, the staff members and educators should also be free from the affects of alcohol and drugs while taking care of children. Lastly, the regulation 97 states that it is important for the service environment to have apparent evacuation procedures and emergency, which are to be practiced in regular manner (ACEQUA, 2014). Policies and procedures at Goodstart Early Learning Centers The Early childhood education and care services need to develop and review the policies. It should also provide precise principles reading child care procedure to the to all the educators and staff members (Wortham, 2015). Policies are developed for establishing clear borders and developmental anticipation for the workforces related to the children. The policies can be varied according to qualities and contents (Fenech, 2011). The implementation of child safety policies is far more than just enlightening the educators and staffs; rather, it needs to spread the message through social media channels and websites (Lascarides, 2013). The following table demonstrates the policies of Goodstart Early Learning and the ways of connecting with legal requirement:- Standard 2.1 Childrens health is recognized Goodstart services always ensure effective communication with the children and their families. It always ensures that the health necessities are always encountered within the children. It includes things like sleeping mentioned in regulation 81 of Education and Care National Regulation. Sleeping is extremely important for the children. It moves the children physically and mentally from exciting time to quiet time. Sleeping also assists the children towards recharging their bodies for further planned experiences and developing optimistic attitude. Goodstart centres always encourage the children for being responsible regarding their health and physical comfort. This principle will actually be implemented when educators will support health and individual hygiene factors, childrens nutrition and act as role model (Robertson, 2015). Through this manner, the spread of infectious diseases will be restricted and confined. These manners are clearly defined in the 77 and 88 regulation of the Education and Care National Regulation.(ACEQUA, 2016). Standard 2.2 Nutritional eating habit and physical exercise are incorporated in the service program for child care Goodstart centres always pursue the principles of Early Learning Years Framework. It encourages and provides opportunities to the children for practicing selection of healthy food to eat. As per the regulation 77, services should provide healthy and hygienic food along with selecting healthy beverages. Getting healthy food is highly important for the children, as it assists to develop body, reduce obesity and type 3-diabetes (Reynolds et al., 2015). The employees of Goodstart ensure to insert physical activities as the daily practice of the children while they are at the centre. Physical activities develop the thinking capabilities of the children and enhance the social skills. Standard 2.3 Each child is protected Goodstart centres also ensure sufficient supervision and control for the children. It fits with section 165 of Children Act 2010. Marotez, (2011) opined that it is extremely important to have strict supervision on the children at early learning settings. It can diminish the possible hazards and dangers, which can cause injuries and accidents for children. It is expected that the staffs of Goodstart have properly understood and accomplished the principles of childcare protection. These principles are mentioned in regulation 83 of Education and Care National Regulation. The principle also suggests that alcohol and drugs should not affect staffs, while dealing with the children should not affect staff members and educators (ACEQUA, 2016). This principle is actually implemented for minimizing the incidents like child abusing and violence. The educators should also comprehend the legal responsibilities regarding the child protection. It is mentioned in regulation 84 of Education and Care National Regulation. This regulation ensures nurture and environmental safety for the children (ACEQA,2016). Recommendation Though Goodstart centers policy ensures legal necessities regarding childcare protection, still there are some gaps, which should be improved. This improvement can be implemented in Quality Area 2 and in the Standard 2.1. The centre should provide special food to those students, who have come from different religion and culture. They should also provide specific foods to the children, who have allergies from some specific foods. Through this way, the centre will be able to develop inclusive perform strategy and make the children more welcomed and comfortable within the learning centre. In this way, it will also meet the Outcome 1 and 2 of Early Years Learning Framework (DEEWR, 2009). As the additional recommendation, the centre is suggested to inform their policy readers regarding the evacuation and emergency actions of the centre. The evacuation and emergency actions should be noticeable enough to the staff members and children. Moreover, these actions should be practiced frequently for ensuring smooth emergency at unfortunate situation. Furthermore, standard facilities should be developed for the disable children for making them comfortable within the centre.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Virtual Advertising Platform Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Virtual Advertising Platform Management? Answer: Introducation My business idea is based on virtual reality ads. With the growth of virtual reality apps, there is an opportunity for brands to leverage these apps to advertise their products or services to a target audience (Huang, 2016). A VR advertising platform can be key in helping brands to place their adverts in various VR apps. The platform collaborates with several companies that own VR apps which will offer advertising space. Brands that seek to advertise will use the platform to choose the apps in which they want their ads to be placed. The platform serves as a broker between the brands and the companies that own the VR space. Companies that seek to advertise will pay to use the platform. A share of the money earned in the platform will be given to the companies that own VR apps for providing advertising space. Key Partners The key partners in this idea are content curators and VR companies. Content curators are the firms involved in creating immersive VR ads that are placed on VR apps to engage the target audience and advertise the brands. VR companies are key stakeholders in this business idea as they offer advertising space in the VR apps which are leveraged to showcase brand-specific content in order to improve brand awareness (Yaoyuneyong, 2016). Key Activities Main activities involved in this idea are platform development and operations management. Platform development is a core activity which involves continuously improving the VR advertising platform to ensure it meets the needs of the clients and functions as expected. Given that virtual reality technology is growing, it is essential to develop the platform to improve its capabilities and keep it updated with emerging VR trends (Balazinska, 2017). Operations management is another critical activity that involves managing organizational operations such as customer service, support, etc. Key Resources The vital resources for this idea are VR platform and technology infrastructure. The VR platform is a key asset as it is used to provide core services to the client. Through the platform, clients can purchase virtual advertising space, and the adverts can be displayed in the relevant apps. The business idea relies on technology infrastructure which defines how the services will be offered. A technology ecosystem that involves different hardware and software components is leveraged to provide the core service (Zhang, 2014). Value Propositions Value propositions offered in this business idea include customer engagement and personalized ad experience. Through the platform, clients can effectively reach the target audience and engage potential customers through its ads. With the platform, clients can choose a specific audience such as young game players interested in soccer games. The platform also offers brands an opportunity to personalize an advert to the interests of the potential customers. For example, if the company is targeting gamers interested in soccer, ads can be tailored to have soccer-specific content. Relationships The relationship in this idea is manly cross-side network effects. The relationship involves two distinct user groups: advertisers and VR companies. Each of these user group is concerned about the number of users in the other group (Alexander, 2016). Advertising brands want to advertise in several apps to reach a large target audience and enhance brand awareness. On the other hand, VR companies seek to have several adverts placed on their apps which imply that several advertisers have to choose their apps to advertise their brands. Channels Channels leveraged for this business idea include website and APIs. A website serves as a storefront of the platform which allows users to gain an insight into its operations. APIs are used by content curators and brands to place ads on VR apps connected to the platform. Customer Segments The key customer segment targeted is marketing agencies. Marketing agencies play a fundamental role in managing marketing campaigns for various companies (Decarolis, 2017). The agencies are a target customer segment as they can leverage VR ads to enhance the brand awareness of their clients. Cost structure The costs incurred in this business idea include marketing, research and development, and administrative costs. Money will be sent to market the platform to advertisers and manage general operations. Also, capital will also be spent on research in order to develop the platform to ensure it delivers quality services that meet organizational goals and clients needs. Revenue Streams Ad revenue is the main revenue stream for this business idea. Revenue will be generated from the advertising space sold to the advertisers. Advertisers will set a budget for the campaiAnswer:e company will share the revenue with owners of VR apps based on an agreement that the two will sign References Alexander, B. N., Parker, G. (2016, January). Entrepreneurship Platforms: A Two-Sided Network View of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2016, No. 1, p. 14894). Academy of Management. Balazinska, M., Ceze, L., Cheung, A., Curless, B., Seitz, S. M. (2017). A Visual Cloud for Virtual Reality Applications. InCIDR. Decarolis, F., Goldmanis, M., Penta, A. (2017). Marketing Agencies and Collusive Bidding in Online Ad Auctions. Huang, Y.C., Backman, K.F., Backman, S.J. and Chang, L.L., 2016. Exploring the implications of virtual reality technology in tourism marketing: An integrated research framework.International Journal of Tourism Research,18(2), pp.116-128. Yaoyuneyong, G., Foster, J., Johnson, E., Johnson, D. (2016). Augmented reality marketing: Consumer preferences and attitudes toward hypermedia print ads.Journal of Interactive Advertising,16(1), 16-30. Zhang, Z., Hui, P., Kulkarni, S., Peylo, C. (2014, June). Enabling an augmented reality ecosystem: a content-oriented survey. InProceedings of the 2014 workshop on Mobile augmented reality and robotic technology-based systems(pp. 41-46). ACM.